Africaines, Africains,
Chères sœurs et chers frères du Continent et de la Diaspora,
En ce jour de célébration de la journée de l’Afrique, je suis très
heureux de vous exprimer mes vœux de santé et prospérité, à chacun
et chacune de vous, que vous soyez des Iles ou de la Diaspora.
La date du 25 mai porte en elle un double pouvoir d’évocation. Au
plan mémoriel, elle nous replonge dans la fraicheur juvénile des
premiers moments de l’OUA. Au niveau géopolitique et institutionnel,
elle nous interroge en permanence sur notre capacité individuelle et
collective à construire l’Afrique alors rêvée par nos pères fondateurs.
Dans la trajectoire de son évolution, l’OUA s’est muée en Union
africaine, manifestant ainsi une rupture de paradigme pour cause
d’ajustement stratégique et d’efficacité opérationnelle avec pour seul
objectif de donner corps et consistance à « l’Afrique que nous
voulons ». Plus que par le passé, les défis sont toujours plus
nombreux et parfois plus complexes, rendant plus ardue la tâche de
les relever avec succès.
Ainsi, l’Afrique est, depuis une dizaine d’années confrontée aux défis
du terrorisme, de l’extrémisme violent et de la criminalité
transnationale (trafic d’êtres humains, de drogue, d’armes). Le
terrorisme en particulier ne cesse de gagner du terrain. Aujourd’hui,
de nombreux Etats consacrent une bonne partie de leurs ressources
et leurs énergies pour lutter contre ce phénomène ou pour s’en
prémunir, privant ainsi des secteurs vitaux tels que la santé et
l’éducation des moyens dont ils ont besoin.
Le Continent fait par ailleurs face aux désastres générés par la
mauvaise gouvernance que n’arrivent plus à dissimuler l’exigence de
transparence imposée par une population de plus en plus ouverte au
monde par le biais des nouvelles technologies de l’information et
communication.
Les phénomènes tels que la corruption, les conflits
intercommunautaires, les vagues récentes de changement
anticonstitutionnels, etc… sont les avatars les plus visibles de cette
gouvernance.
Le chômage massif des jeunes et la précarité persistante des femmes
du Continent sont d’autres défis qui nous interpellent et nous
obligent à des réponses urgentes, car cette catégorie de la population
africaine n’accepte plus d’être une spectatrice passive de son destin.
A toutes ces contraintes s’ajoute la crise économique qui s’abreuve
du fardeau de la dette, de la crise climatique et énergétique qui, ellemême retentit sur les prix des denrées alimentaires à travers le coût
exorbitant du transport, tandis que la crise sanitaire consécutive à
l’apparition de la covid-19, affaiblit les capacités de production des
différents agents économiques.
Plus récemment, l’Afrique est devenue la victime collatérale d’un
lointain conflit, celui opposant la Russie à l’Ukraine. En bouleversant
en profondeur le fragile équilibre mondial géopolitique et
géostratégique, il a également projeté une lumière crue sur les
fragilités structurelles de nos économies.
Le signe le plus emblématique de ces fragilités se trouve dans la crise
alimentaire consécutive aux désordres climatiques, a la crise sanitaire
de la Covid 19, amplifiée aujourd’hui par la guerre en Ukraine. Cette
crise se caractérise par un rétrécissement de l’offre mondiale en
produits agricoles et une forte inflation du prix des denrées
alimentaires.
Alors, que faire face à tous ces défis ?
L’Union africaine a réagi rationnellement à travers une série d’actions
et une production normative abondante déclinée en décisions,
conventions et en stratégies définissant les mécanismes d’action en
vue de parvenir aux objectifs souhaités.
Il y a par exemple la courageuse réforme institutionnelle de l’Union
africaine engagée depuis 2016 et dont le but est d’améliorer la
gouvernance de l’Institution et faire d’elle un acteur clé dans le
multilatéralisme.
Il y a ensuite la Zone de Libre Échange Continentale Africaine (ZLECAf)
entrée en vigueur en 2021, qui fait de l’Afrique le plus grand marché
commun du monde et constitue un accélérateur de l’intégration
continentale. Elle vient renforcer les mesures prises en matière de
libre circulation des personnes et des biens.
Volontarisme et solidarité se sont manifestés de manière éclatante
face à la survenue de la pandémie de la covid-19. La forte mobilisation
des leaders africains et l’efficace coordination assurée par l’Union
africaine dans la riposte, témoignent de la capacité de l’Afrique à faire
face aux épreuves de manière unie et résolue. Dans un intervalle de
temps aussi bref, moins de deux ans, certains de nos Etats membres
ont réussi à renforcer leur système de santé par l’implantation des
unités de production de vaccins contre la covid-19.
Face à la crise alimentaire et nutritionnelle dont les conséquences
sont évidentes sur la santé des populations, l’Union africaine a pris
une série d’initiatives dont la plus importante est le Programme
Détaillé pour le Développement de l’Agriculture Africaine (PDDAA).
Par ailleurs, elle a décidé symboliquement de consacrer l’année 2022
« à bâtir une résilience en matière de sécurité nutritionnelle et
alimentaire sur le Continent africain : renforcer les systèmes
agro-alimentaires et les systèmes de santé et de production
sociale pour accélérer le développement socioéconomique et du
capital humain »
La Commission de l’Union africaine s’est attelée également à
répondre, autant que ses moyens le permettent, aux préoccupations
concernant la santé, l’éducation, les infrastructures, l’énergie, les
sciences et la recherche, secteurs dont la promotion et la réalisation
sont les conditions nécessaires du développement de l’Afrique.
Les résultats n’ont pas toujours été à la hauteur de nos ambitions.
Mais nous sommes sur le bon chemin. De la mise en commun
raisonnée de toutes nos énergies et de nos ressources
géographiquement dispersées sortira une nouvelle Afrique,
« l’Afrique que nous voulons ».
A une seule condition : identifier et relever sans complaisance les
maux qui plombent nos actions et entravent la mise en œuvre
effective de nos décisions, stratégies et instruments indiqués afin de
leur apporter le traitement approprié.
Africaines, Africains, c’est à cet exercice de réflexion que je voudrais
vous inviter en cette journée mémorable où les activités festives, bien
compréhensibles, ne devraient pas reléguer à l’arrière-plan nos
préoccupations essentielles.
Bonne fête à toutes et à tous.
Moussa FAKI MAHAMAT
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